pH Calculator

pH from hydrogen ion concentration.

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Formula

pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]

pH is the negative base-10 logarithm of hydrogen ion activity. At 25°C, pOH = 14 − pH for aqueous solutions.

Worked example

[H⁺] = 10⁻³ mol/L gives pH = 3 — a moderately acidic solution.

Where this can give the wrong answer

  • [H⁺] must be positive — pH of exactly 0 is possible for strong acids.
  • Activity corrections matter in ionic strength solutions.
  • Temperature shifts pKw — pOH relation assumes 25°C.

FAQ

Yes for very concentrated strong acids where [H⁺] > 1 mol/L.