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Percent Error Calculator

How far a measurement is from the accepted value.

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Formula

Percent error = |experimental − accepted| ÷ |accepted| × 100

%error=experimentalacceptedaccepted×100\%\,\text{error} = \left|\frac{\text{experimental} - \text{accepted}}{\text{accepted}}\right| \times 100

The difference between what you measured and the accepted value, divided by the accepted value, as a percentage. The absolute value makes it positive whichever way you missed; the signed figure underneath keeps the direction, which lab reports often ask about.

Worked example

Measuring gravitational acceleration as 9.6 against an accepted 9.8 is off by 0.2. 0.2 ÷ 9.8 × 100 = 2.0408%, and because the measurement came in under, the signed error is −2.0408%.

Where this can give the wrong answer

  • The accepted value is always the denominator. Dividing by your own measurement instead gives a different number and is the most common mistake in lab write-ups.
  • An accepted value of zero makes percent error undefined — report the absolute error instead.
  • Percent error compares against a known value. When comparing two measurements with no accepted value, the right tool is percent difference, which divides by their average.

FAQ

The standard formula takes the absolute value, so no. Some instructors want the sign to show whether you were high or low; that is the signed error shown beneath the headline.

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